The oilrich niger delta suffers from extensive petroleum contamination. Report,1965,restoring the quality of our environment, president science committee, washington usa olaniran 1995 defined water pollution to be presence of. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into the natural environment. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Dec 15, 2016 oil pollution does come from oil spills from large tankers, but there are other sources of oil pollution that, collectively, discharge more oil into water than the major oil spills do. Greenpeace advertisement, new york times, february 25, 1990.
Oil pollution can kill animals and wildlife, sometimes wiping out entire ecosystems before a cleanup starts. When water pollution causes an algal bloom in a lake or marine environment, the proliferation of newly introduced nutrients stimulates plant and algae growth, which in turn reduces oxygen levels. Inputs, fates, and effects, by national research council ocean studies board page images at nap filed under. Direct coat 15 ing of the blades can result in bleaching, yellowing, and dieo. The oil pollution act opa of 1924 was the first federal statute prohibiting pollution of waters strictly by crude oil and crude oil derived products. Study of oil and gas extraction wastewater management under. Oil exploitation can lead to contamination of environments, which can have effects on human health. Cleaning up after pollution safe drinking water foundation. Focused group discussions were held and comprehensive questionnaires were administered to the residents in the three communities where the water samples were collected. Health risks associated with oil pollution in the niger. Oil spills threaten water quality, destroy habitats, and kill wildlife. The different types of pollution have varying risks of danger to animals and humans, but the pollution always has danger associated with it. Air pollution, chemical industry, crude oil, environmental pollution control, natural gas, petroleum products, petroleum refining, solid waste, water pollution.
Oil enters the seas not only as a result of spectacular oil tanker or oil rig disasters, but also and primarily from diffuse sources, such as leaks during oil extraction, illegal tankcleaning operations at sea, or discharges into the rivers which are then carried. Potential environmental impacts of oil spills in greenland. One of the ways to make this aim on the land is taking an action to prevent the water pollution by spilled oil. Air pollution means that water vapour absorbs more of these gases. Understanding oil spills and oil spill response pdf epa. The deepwater horizon oil spill was capped on september 19, 2010, but the cleanup and research on the impact of the spill will continue associated press, 2010. Request rerefined motor oil when you get your oil changed. Atmospheric deposition is the pollution of water caused by air pollution.
Impact on water quality and microbial community of. The aims of this research were to measure the level of total petroleum hydrocarbon tph pollution and their distribution in soil and surface water at the wonocolo public crude oil fields. Jan 12, 2017 cleaning up after pollution fact sheet it wasnt the exxon valdez captains driving that caused the alaskan oil spill. One of the most destructive types is petroleum pollution. The rest come from shipping travel, drains and dumping. Health symptoms associated with living or working in an area affected by oil contamination are often unclear and debated. The trend has been amplified by the expansion of agricultural land, with irrigation playing a strategic role in improving. Other solutions using green products for cleaning and pesticides is one possible solution for water pollution.
By becoming aware of the problem and what we can do to prevent polluted stormwater, each of us can be a solution to water pollution. We sought to associate the perspective measures of exposure to oil pollution with health outcomes inventory of health symptoms. For example, releasing inadequately treated wastewater into natural water bodies can lead to degradation of aquatic ecosystems. For example, the exxon valdez spill was a massive oil spill off the alaskan shoreline due to ship failure which happened in late 1980s oil spill pollution residuals from that spill are still affecting our environment or smaller oil spills, through pipelines and other devices also happens and their impact is mainly due to a large number. Oil spills can cause a wide range of impacts in the marine environment and are. Water pollution is a global issue that needs the evaluation and careful scrutiny of all the water resources and it is suggested that the water pollution is the major reason of deaths and diseases in the world. It can kill or damage plants, fish and wildlife, while degrading the quality of our water. Executive order 12777 implementation of section 311 of the. Public crude oil fields in wonocolo subdistrict were active from 1942 until now and have inadequately operated.
Sensitive organisms are those that would be acutely affected by. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Nov 22, 2019 oil pollution is a serious problem, especially oil spills in the worlds oceans. A pilot study was conducted in the region of ogoniland where one community, ogale, has drinking water wells highly contaminated with a refined oil product. However, toxic effects are less likely for hfo, or other highly viscous oil that has low water solubility, as the chemical components of the oil have a low biological availability. Aug, 2016 oil pollution is most common in large water bodies like seas and oceans. Oil pollution can damage ecosystems, including plants and animals, and contaminate water for drinking and other purposes. Oil pollution is a serious problem, especially oil spills in the worlds oceans. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution contingency plan 40 cfr part 300, referred to subsequently as the national contingency plan ncp, is the principal federal mechanism for operations pertaining to the identification, containment, and cleanup of releases of oil and hazardous substances in the coastal united states. Sensitive organisms are those that would be acutely affected by exposure to oil or its component chemicals. Bod requires microorganisms that consume oxygen in the process of degrading. Oil spill occurs due to the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the aquatic environment.
Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. Pdf oil spills accidents in water bodies cause serious environmental hazards and have recently attracted proper attention in egypt. The following graph shows the amount of oil pollution can come from various sources. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in soil and surface water. Pdf oil pollution of water bodies tapan dutta academia. Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives. Toxic pollutants in water refer to a whole array of chemical which are. Water pollution water pollution may be defined as alteration in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on human and aquatic life. The effects of oil pollution on aquatic ecosystems sciencing. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities.
Types and sources of water pollution there are several major types of water pollution. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c. This has both shortterm and longterm effects on all parts of the marine food web, including longterm damage to breeding and. Sea turtles and marine mammals can be harmed by oil they encounter in the water or on the beach where they give birth. This paper mentions the details of the pollution due to oil spills in marine environment. The water pollution accounts for the death of nearly 14,000 people per day and in this. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. Since most oils are lighter than water, they float on top of it. In this project, we created a website housing scientific research on the health effects of oil contamination. Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from oil spills, routine shipping, runoffs and dumping. The eggs or pups can be damaged by the oil and fail to develop properly, and new young may be oiled as they scurry toward the ocean across an oily beach. Marine water is especially affected by this form of pollution.
Recycle used motor oil at a local used oil collection center. Vulnerable organisms are those which,because of heir t positioning in the marine environment, typically at the sea surface or the waters edge, are more likely to come into contact with oil. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Oil spills cause a very localised problem but can be catastrophic to local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution. Oil pollution due to spillage of oil tankers and stor age containers prevents oxy genation of water an d depletes t he oxygen content of the water body by. Practical handbook of soil, vadose zone, and groundwater contamination. However, the specific gravity of an oil spill can increase if the lighter substances within. Study of oil and gas extraction wastewater management. Chocolate mousse emulsions may linger in the environment for months or even years. The effects of oil pollution on aquatic ecosystems. When oil is spilled into an aquatic environment, it can harm organisms that live on, around, and under the water surface by both chemical toxicity and by coating and smothering wildlife.
Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling. Cleaning up after pollution fact sheet it wasnt the exxon valdez captains driving that caused the alaskan oil spill. Oil pollution of marine habitats oil pollution is one of the most conspicuous forms of damage to the marine environment. Water pollution facts, types, causes and effects of water. Mar 21, 2016 by contrast, oil pollution in the niger delta is an ongoing chronic disaster and an environmental adversity with no end in sight, and entails little or no support for communities and individuals that are affected 8,15. As an oil producing region, oil spillage is one of the most outstanding causes of water and land or soil pollution while air pollution is mostly caused by gas flaring and industrial effluents. Water that goes down storm drains does not go to treatment plants. Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean. Coralline algae and occasional encrusting or lowprofile corals domi. Planning and response considerations but where reef coral species can survive. One quart of oil poured down a storm drain can contaminate one million gallons of water.
Polluted stormwater contaminates streams, rivers and lakes. Petroleum products, such as oil and gasoline, enter the water from ships and marine terminals, offshore oil rigs, runoff from. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. It is very difficult to reverse the effects of water pollution. Waterinoil often consists of 50 to 80 percent water, and the water appears reddishbrown and feels greasy, due to the presence of oil.
Badejo abstract nigeria has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the atlantic ocean. Abstract water pollution from crude oil spills in the mangrove ecosystem was investigated employing water samples obtained from three different locations in the niger delta. Although there is considerable public concern about the environmental impacts of oil pollution in the niger delta of nigeria, actual evidence on the pathological and psychological effects in the health of local communities is minimally known. In the atmosphere, water particles mix with carbon dioxide sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, this forms a weak acid. Management process of oil spill in water plants longdom. Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of. Natural attenuation of fuels and chlorinated solvents in the subsurface.
This is an original 22 page unit on groundwater, fresh water, salt water and pollution, for grades 912. Coping with an oiled sea 1990, by united states congress office of technology assessment pdf files at princeton oil in the sea. The fwpca of 1972 provided a comprehensive plan for the cleanup of waters polluted by oil spills and intentional or accidental release of oil into the water. Health risks associated with oil pollution in the niger delta. The oil pollution act opa of 1924 was the first federal statute prohibiting pollution of waters strictly by crude oil and crude oilderived products. Cholakov university of chemical technology and metallurgy, sofia, bulgaria keywords. Executive order 12777 implementation of section 311 of. One pint of oil can produce a slick of approximately one acre of water. Biotoilets, bioremediation next post water pollution water pollution is the additionpresence of undesirable substances toin water such as organic, inorganic, biological, radiological, heat, which degrades the quality of water so that it becomes unfit for use. The direct impact of oil exploration in the region has been felt by everyone living in the area. When exposed to oil, adult fish may experience reduced growth, enlarged livers, changes in heart and respiration rates.
Contamination of aquatic environment by crude oil and petroleum. It soon became apparent that response resources, especially federal funds, were lacking, and. Oil pollution is primarily a manmade pollution and is a result of human irresponsible activities. Sources of water pollution water pollution in nigeria according to gbamanija 1998 arises from various activities, among which are. Petroleum products, such as oil and gasoline, enter the water from ships and marine terminals, offshore oil rigs, runoff from parking lots, factories, oil dumping, and other sources. Oil pollution act of 1990 january 2007 creation of the oil pollution act of 1990 was fueled by the exxon valdez oil spill of march 24, 1989, in which 11 million gallons of alaskan crude oil leaked into prince william sound waters when the tanker grounded. Oil pollution and water quality in the niger delta.
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